Banana bunchy top is one of the most important of these diseases and by far the most important virus disease. The aphid can retain the virus through its adult life, for a period of 1520 days. Current control strategies are limited to insecticide sprays and roguing of symptomatic plants, however control tactics are based on anecdotal evidence. Muhire,2 samiuela lolohea,3 manaia halafihi,4 pascale lepoint,5 guy blomme,6 kathleen s. This kit includes lyophilized reaction pellets containing the necessary reagents to amplify bbtv dna at a single operating temperature 39 c. Goals objectives banana bunchy top virus was first detected in hawaii in 1987, and is currently established in all islands of the state. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is the most important virus disease of banana musa spp. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana.
The recent outbreak of the disease in south africa caused major concern to banana growers, as yield losses of up to 100% can be recorded. Almeida2 1 department of plant and environmental protection sciences, university of hawaii at manoa, honolulu, hi, usa. Predicting the benefits of banana bunchy top virus exclusion. Research article effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c. Latest pest reports international plant protection. The app doesnt have much to it aside from onoff sliders. By that time, however, the virus has most likely been spread to other plants by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa. Evidence for a viral agent a virus, bbtv, is the causal agent of bunchy top disease of banana.
Emerging disease threats to banana and plantain status of. Localization, concentration, and transmission efficiency of. Molecular characterization of banana bunchy top virus and. Amritasagar through meristem culture article pdf available january 2006 with 337. Dale j, burns t, oehlschlager s, karan m, harding r. The virus is spread from plant to plant by aphids and from place to place by people transporting planting materials obtained from infected plants. Mac and mar had the highest starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents. Abtv has been isolated from both abaca musa textilis and banana musa sp. Banana bunchy top virus and the bunchy top disease. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa network. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a threat to hawaii bananas. Bbtv is responsible for the most devastating virus disease of banana known as bunchy top, for which conventional control measures are generally ineffective.
The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals little evidence for frequent recent, humanmediated long distance dispersal events daisy stainton,1 darren p. Pdf pcr detection of banana bunchy top virus bbtv at. Bunchy top virus bbtv is listed among the worlds worst. The replication of banana bunchy top virus is suppressed by overabundant rep expression 105 abstract 106 introduction 107 materials and methods 109 results 119 discussion and conclusions 1 chapter 5 effect of rep mutants on the replication of banana bunchy top virus 5 abstract 6 introduction 7 materials and methods 142 results 151. Predicting the benefits of banana bunchy top virus. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and growth characteristics of banana c. Post a photo of it here and we will take a look at it. The cooperative extension service 1997 states that, \ banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant. The causal agent of bbtd is the banana bunchy top virus bbtv, belonging to the genus babuvirus, family nanoviridae.
The foe bunchy top disease caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv is emerging as a serious threat in several regions in central and southern africa. Contact for info mr thizwilondi munzhelele department of agriculture, forestry and fisheries private bag x14 gezina 0031 email. Current diagnostic methods for bbtv are laborious and prone to generate falsenegative results. Bunchy top is a viral disease caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. In this paper, we demonstrate how a breakeven style benefit cost analysis remains highly relevant to biosecurity decisionmakers using the example of banana bunchy top virus, a plant pathogen targeted for eradication from banana growing regions of australia. Eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and banana mosaic virus bmv from infected plant of banana cv.
Recently the disease was reported for the first time in china 12, hawaii 14, and pakistan. Although the disease was first reported in the late 1880s, the virus itself, which was originally classified as a luteovirus, was isolated in the late 1980s and reassigned to the nanoviridae family in the genus babuvirus. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the most devastating virus disease of bananas. Banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virustested planting material. Highthroughput detection of banana bunchy top virus in. Latest pest reports international plant protection convention. Infected plants cannot recover and will serve as a source of viral.
Banana bunchy top is a viral disease caused by a singlestranded dna virus called the banana bunchy top virus bbtv. The global distribution of banana bunchy top virus reveals. For example, banana bunchy top virus bbtv, papaya ring spot virus prv, zucchini yellow mosaic virus zymv, and tomato spotted wilt virus tswv limit production of banana, papaya, zucchini, and tomato, respectively. Control of the banana aphid is essential for long term management of banana bunchy top disease. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a plant pathogenic virus of the family nanoviridae known for infecting banana plants and other crops. Biotechnology applications for banana and plantain improvement. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded ss plant dna virus and the type member of the genus babuvirus in the family nanoviridae. Development of transgenic bananas for bbtv resistance. Bbtv is diagnosed by identifying symptoms of diseased plants or by submitting a banana leaf sample to test for the banana bunchy top virus.
Tv was identified in south africa in 2015, on musa plantations in kwazulunatal kzn. It seems there is an epidemic lately of people thinking they have bbtv here on the mainland. We analyzed 171 banana leaf samples from fourteen countries and recovered, cloned, and sequenced 855 complete bbtv components including ninetyfour full genomes. Pcr detection of banana bunchy top virus bbtv at tissue culture level for the production of virusfree planting materials article pdf available june 20 with 2,667 reads how we measure reads. The world banana crop also has been under attack for years from black sigatoka disease, a fungal leaf spot disease.
Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology and. Virus host plants banana, plantain, abaca, wild banana, bird of paradise, ginger affected plant stages all growth stages affected plant parts whole plant symptoms the initial symptom is the presence of darkgreen spots on the petioles, midribs, and leaf veins of the newly emerging leaves. This imposes an obligation on persons to report the presence of bbtv to an authorised officer and to take reasonable. Pdf eradication of banana bunchy top virus bbtv and. Banana bunchy top disease bbtd is considered one of the most economically important plant viral diseases worldwide dale, 1987, moffat, 2001. Bbtd was considered to be caused by a possible member of the luteovirus group, based on disease characteristics, transmission. Development of transgenic bananas for bbtv resistance john hu. Epidemiology of banana bunchy top disease in hawaii usda. Like many viruses, bbtv was named after the symptoms seen, where the infected plants are stunted and have bunchy leaves at the top.
Eradication of banana bunchy top virus and banana mosaic virus 19 materials and methods the experiment on virus free banana plantlets production by meristem culture and establishment of virus free in vitro plantlets into rooting media was conducted at the biotechnology laboratory, department of biotechnology, bangladesh agricultural. Crew,7 murray sharman,7 simona kraberger,1 anisha dayaram,1 matthew walters,1. Its integral genome consists of at least six circular ssdna genome components and is associated with all geographical isolates of bbtv. A 93 nucleotide sequence was found to be strongly conserved between two ssdna genomic components of banana bunchy top virus bbtv. The disease is causing severe damage in malawi and dr congo while it has only recently. Bbtv causes bunchy top disease of banana and plantain. A simple, reliable, and highthroughput method for detecting bbtv in plants and aphids has been developed, which involves tissues disruption from banana plants and. Papaya bunchy top has been observed throughout much of the caribbean region, from cuba southward to trinidad, since it was first reported in puerto rico in 1931. While bbtv certainly has a huge impact on the industrial scale of banana production, it can also be devastating to subsistence.
Banana bunchy top virus the banana knowledge platform of. Control of banana bunchy top virus bbtv banana bunchy top virus bbtv is established as restricted matter under the act. Bbtv is the most serious virus disease of bananas and plantains. Video includes background history, identification, aphid control, and treatment of banana bunchy top virus. Bbtv is one of the most economically important pathogens of musa spp. The typical symptoms of bunchy top of banana are very distinctive and readily distinguished from those. Study the patterns of banana bunchy top virus spread in commercial fields 3. Department of horticulture, bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh2202, bangladesh. The most damaging disease of bananas in the mariana islands at this time is banana bunchy top, which is caused by a virus. Pots of tissuecultured banana plants developed by team. Interference with replication by theresa tsunhui tsao bachelor of applied science honours a thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the centre for tropical crops and biocommodities, queensland university of technology, australia. Although unequivocal evidence by reproduction of the disease through inoculation of purified virions or cloned genomic components is lacking, definitive association of bbtv with bunchy top disease was demonstrated by insect vectormediated transmission of bbtv from an. Once established, it is extremely difficult to eradicate or manage.
Certified tissue culture plants are safe to distribute. Avg antivirus for mac offers excellent protection from viruses, web, and email threats. The banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular singlestranded dna virus 1820 nm in diameter that causes bunchy top in bananas. Banana bunchy top virus detection characterization management elisa dotblot pcr realtime pcr. Banana bunchy top disease is the most serious virus disease of banana worldwide. These regions are considered as secondary centers of banana diversity. Banana bunchy top virus prevention and cbntrol cnas research. Regardless of the reason, it is a simple fact that the days of banana diseases, banana bunchy top virus principally, are numbered. Banana bunchy top virus ctahr university of hawaii. Yet banana bunchy top virus bbtv which is limiting or threatening the production in onequarter of the worlds banana growing areas has, in recent years, been virtually neglected by plant virologists.
The virus is transmitted in a circulative nonpropagative manner by the banana aphid, pentalonia nigronervosa coquerel. Pdf reduction in banana bunchy top virus infution rate by using. In 2011, an outbreak of banana bunchy top disease bbtd caused by banana bunchy top virus bbtv. It is present across all of south asia and the pacific and is currently spreading in southern africa.
A new distribution map is provided for banana bunchy top virus viruses. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is established as restricted matter under the act. Bunchy top the banana knowledge platform of the promusa. The cooperative extension service 1997 states that, \banana bunchy top virus is spread by the banana aphid, which acquires the virus after at least four but usually about 18 hours of feeding on an infected plant. Abaca bunchy top virus abtv is a pathogenic plant virus of the family nanoviridae. Determine disease parameters that are important to the development of virus management practices team members harvest banana bunches and look for plants infected with banana bunchy top virus. Studies over the past 100 years have contributed to important knowledge on disease biology, distribution, and spread. In this work, we examined the localization, accumulation, and transmission efficiency of bbtv in four laboratoryestablished lineages of pentalonia aphids derived from four.
Banana bunchy top virus bbtv, cucumber mosaic virus cmv, and banana bract. The disease, often called bbtd for banana bunchy top disease, gets its name from the bunchy appearance of infected plants. Their food security is being threatened by the arrival and spread of two devastating banana diseases banana bunchy top disease and banana xanthomonas wilt. Banana bunchy top virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Bbtd is caused by the banana bunchy top virus bbtv, genus babuvirus which. Fighting the threats of banana bunchy top disease in africa. It is fairly common and very problematic in hawaii, but rarely is found here in the us, even in florida. Bbtv is diagnosed by identifying symptoms of diseased plants or by submitting a banana leaf. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is a circular, singlestranded css dna virus that belongs to the genus babuvirus in the family nanoviridae. Pdf banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most important viral agent affecting. Banana and plantain are also known to be susceptible to five other viruses of minor significance, such as abaca mosaic virus, abaca bunchy top virus, banana mild mosaic virus, banana virus x, and cucumber mosaic virus. Pcr amplified products consisting of at least seven distinct bands all approximately 1 kb and. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is one of the most serious diseases of banana. Before destruction, diseased plants should first be sprayed with power kerosene or insecticide to kill all viruliferous aphids.
Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the causal agent of banana bunchy top disease. More than 70 million people in 15 countries in subsaharan africa depend on banana for their livelihood and food supply. Effect of banana bunchy top virus infection on morphology. Banana, plantain, abaca, wild banana, bird of paradise, ginger. Banana bunchy top disease can be effectively controlled by the eradication of diseased plants and the use of virus tested planting material. Banana bunchy top virus bbtv is the most destructive pathogenic virus of banana plants worldwide. Two outwardly extending degenerate primers were designed from this sequence and used in a polymerase chain reaction pcr with dna extracted from purified bbtv virions. Viruses cause devastating diseases on many vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops in hawaii. The aphids can acquire and transmit the banana virus during their feeding on infected banana cells. Diseased plants rarely produce fruit and when they do, the fruit is stunted and twisted. Localization, concentration, and transmission efficiency. First report of banana bunchy top virus in banana and.
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